Why Biodiversity Matters

 While a sound argument could be made for the inherent value of nature, I like to introduce the importance of biodiversity from a utilitarian point of view. Many species, either directly or indirectly provide ecological services necessary for human wellbeing. Even if it is difficult to find the beneficial role a species plays, chances are it is part of an interconnected network that includes species that do provide services. As such, biodiversity is like a tool box. The more tools you have in that box, the better - even if some of those tools seem repetitive. Perhaps among similar looking tools, one works better in one situation than another. Repetition also ensures that nature can "get the job done" even if one species goes extinct.

Let's take a closer look at biodiversity at different levels:

Local - Biodiversity at a local level reflects thousands of years of intimate interactions between species. Often complex interdependencies develop between species. Therefore, a significant threat to biodiversity at the local level is invasive species - they may interfere with these relationships. Ecological services at the local level vary widely but may include ensuring food security, providing flood protection, or providing clean water.

Regional - Biodiversity at the regional level may involve gene flow and migratory patterns. Thus, habitat fragmentation is a critical threat to biodiversity at the regional level.  Ecological services at the regional level may include population control of nuisance species, biomedical services, and carbon sequestration.

Global - Global biodiversity brings to mind the great cycles of Earth such as the carbon cycle, phosphorous cycle, nitrogen cycle, and oxygen cycle. These cycle are essential foe life on Earth. Yet, careless use of fertilizers and the burning of fossil fuels are global threats that misuse these cycles.

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